Overview: Head lice are tiny insects that infest the hair and scalp, causing itching. Spread through head-to-head contact, especially common among children.
Causes/Factors:
- Infestation: Direct contact with an infested person or belongings.
- Close Spaces: Common in schools due to close contact.
Clinical Presentation:
- Itching: Main symptom due to bites and an allergic reaction.
- Visible Lice or Eggs: Found on hair shafts, especially near the scalp.
Diagnostic Tests:
- Visual Examination: Identifying live lice or eggs.
- Use of Fine Comb: Detecting lice and nits during combing.
Management:
- Topical Pediculicides: Over-the-counter or prescription treatments.
- Combing: Use a fine-toothed comb to remove lice and nits.
- Washing and Cleaning: Laundering infested items.
Complications/Red Flags:
- Secondary Infections: Scratching may lead to bacterial infections.
- Persistent Infestation: May require medical attention.
Scabies
Overview: Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. The mites burrow into the skin, and deposit eggs. Stmptoms due to allergic reaction to the parasite. Spread through prolonged skin-to-skin contact.
Causes/Factors:
- Mite Infestation: Contact with an infested person or belongings.
- Crowded Living Conditions: Common in nursing homes or crowded environments.
Clinical Presentation:
- Itching: Intense itching, especially at night.
- Rash: Red, pimple-like bumps and burrow tracks.
Diagnostic Tests:
- Skin Scraping: Identifying mites, eggs, or faeces under a microscope.
Management:
- Topical Scabicides: Prescription creams to kill mites - permethrin or malathion
- Antihistamines: Relieve itching
- Washing and Cleaning: Laundering infested items.