Acute or chronic inflammation of the dermis. Often appears in childhood and can continue to adulthood.
Atopy - triad of dermatitis/eczema, asthma and allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
Triggered as the result of an allergen - hypersensitivity type I
Causes/Factors
- Allergens - cigarette smoke, pollen, mold, dust mites
- Changes in weather
- Stress
- Genetics - HLA-DR
- Immune system dysfunction
Symptoms
- Dry itchy skin rash on flexor surfaces
- Itchiness worse at night (no distractions)
Infants: rash on face & scalp Children: flexor surfaces
Signs
From itching Skin begins red & itchy blister & peel lichenified (leather like)
Diagnostic Tests
- Clinical diagnosis - patch testing sometimes used to determine specific allergens
Management
Topical:
- Emollients: Regular use of moisturizers to keep the skin hydrated.
- Topical Steroids: Anti-inflammatory creams or ointments for flare-ups.
- Itching Prevention: Keep nails short and wear soft fabric
Systemic
- Avoiding Triggers: Identifying and avoiding allergens or irritants.
- Antihistamines: To alleviate itching.
- Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: immunosuppressant
- Phototherapy: Controlled exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.
Complications/red Flags
- Affects appearance and social stigma around it. Therefore increased risk of Depression and anxiety in adults