Most common cause of Glomerulonephritis in children
Minimal Change Disease (MCD) is a type of kidney disorder characterised by damage to the glomeruli. No change on histology under light microscopy
Causes/Factors
Possible autoimmune condition where T cells release substances that damage the glomerular filtration barrier leading to increase protein in urine.
- Child
- NSAID
Symptoms
- Nephrotic syndrome
- normal eGFR
Signs
- Edema: Swelling in various body parts due to fluid retention.
- Foamy Urine: Due to excess protein in the urine.
- Pallor: Pale appearance due to low albumin levels.
Diagnostic Tests
- Urinalysis: Detects proteinuria and other abnormalities in the urine.
- Blood Tests: To assess kidney function, protein levels, and lipid levels.
- Kidney Biopsy: A definitive diagnosis often requires a kidney tissue sample, which shows minimal changes under the microscope.
Management
- Corticosteroids: Prednisone or other steroids to suppress the abnormal immune response.
- Immunosuppressive Drugs: For cases not responding to steroids.
- Diuretics: To manage edema.
- Dietary Changes: Reducing salt and fluid intake.
Complications/red Flags
- Risk of Infection: Immunosuppressive medications can increase susceptibility to infections.
- Thrombosis: Increased risk of blood clots due to hyperlipidemia.
- Relapses: MCD can recur after periods of remission.