Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by the buildup of skin cells, resulting in thick, scaly patches. It often involves redness, itching, and discomfort.
Relapsing-remitting course and may have nail and joint involvement psoriatic arthritis
Causes/Factors
- Genetic Predisposition: Family history plays a significant role.
- Immune System Dysfunction: T cells mistakenly attack healthy skin cells.
- Triggers: Stress, infections, medications, and injuries can exacerbate symptoms.
Clinical picture
- Red, Raised Patches: Skin lesions are typically red, raised, and covered with silvery scales. salmon red + silvery scales = psoriasis.
- Itching and Discomfort: Itching and pain may accompany the patches, causing discomfort.
- Nail Changes: Psoriasis can affect the nails, causing pitting, discoloration, and separation from the nail bed.
- Joint Pain: In some cases, psoriatic arthritis may develop, leading to joint pain and swelling.
Diagnostic Tests
Based off clinical findings. Features of psoriasis include:
- Distribution - on extensor surfaces, trunk, flexures sacral and nasal cleft, scalp and behind the ears
- Clear delineation between normal and affected skin
- Pin/red skin with silverly scale
- Involvement in other areas such as joints and nails
Management
- Topical treatments - such as emolients, corticosteroids, vitamin D analogues, coal tar, and short-contact dithranol (for large plaque)
- Management of psychological factors which could be triggering the flareup
- Lifestyle advice such as weight loss, smoking cessation and alcohol reduction
Complications/red Flags
- Cardiovascular Risks: Patients with psoriasis may have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
- Psychosocial Impact: Addressing the emotional and psychological impact of visible skin lesions is essential for comprehensive care.