C. diff
- Treatment of a patient with antibiotics, PPIs eg, allows the bacteria to grow unregulated → symptoms
- Spore are released in faeces and can survive on surfaces for ages
- See here for more
MRSA
- Staph. aureus that have become resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics
- People are often colonised and have the bacteria living harmlessly on their skin and respiratory tract
- Patients admitted for surgery or inpatient treatment are swabbed via nose and armpit/groin swabs
- Eradication involves chlorhexidine body wash and antibacterial nasal creams
- Antibiotics to treat are Doxycycline, Clindamycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid
CAUTI
- Urine sample should be taken directly from the catheter or sample port using aseptic technique - not from catheter bag
- Patients without symptoms do not require antibiotics even if they have bacteriuria
- Patients with symptoms require treatment with 7 days of antibiotics. The catheter should be change ASAP - but not delaying antibiotics
Surgical Site Infection
- MRSA, E. Coli, Pseudomonas, Enterococci
- IV antibiotics given 30 mins prior to surgery to maximise skin concentration
- Use antibiotics that will kill anaerobes and coliforms
- For MRSA colonised patients add teicoplanin or vancomycin
HAP/VAP
- Hospital acquired - more than 48hr in a hospital.
- Ventilator acquired - develops in intubated patients in ICU
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Gram negatives are most common