Lung
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA), which is the combination of clubbing and periostitis of the small hand joints. As seen in this case, patients present with clubbing of the nails and swelling of the finger joints. HPOA as a paraneoplastic feature is also observed in the adenocarcinoma of the lung. Other paraneoplastic features of lung SCC include parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) secretion and Hyperthyroidism due to ectopic thyroid-stimulating hormone release. In Hypercalcaemia secondary to malignancy, PTH is low, although PTHrP may be raised
Cushing’s syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms secondary to prolonged glucocorticoid exposure and can present as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome due to increasing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release. Increased ACTH release is more commonly associated with small cell carcinomas, rather than squamous cell carcinomas
Gynaecomastia is the abnormal, non-cancerous enlargement of one or both breasts in men and can present due to several different conditions, including as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome. Gynaecomastia is generally associated with adenocarcinomas, not SCC, and is thought to be due to an increased oestrogen/androgen ratio secondary to sex hormone release.
Lambert-Eaton syndrome is a rare autoimmune condition, similar to myasthenia gravis, characterised by limb muscle weakness which is classically temporarily relieved after exertion/physical exercise. The condition is generally considered a paraneoplastic syndrome, with most patients having an underlying malignancy, the most common of which is small-cell lung cancer. The condition is not commonly associated with SCCs as in this case.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), as the name suggests, is a result of excess ADH release, causing an increase in water re-absorption from the kidneys and hyponatraemia. As a paraneoplastic syndrome, SIADH is generally associated with small cell cancer, not SCC.