When urine flows backwards from the bladder to the ureter

Affects 10% of population

Causes/Factors

  • Age <2 y/o

  • FH

  • Congenital abnormality of the vesicoureteric junction - when ureter enters bladder at abnormal angle

Clinical Features

  • Usually asymptomatic + children “grow out of it”

Diagnostic Tests

Management

Complications/red Flags

  • Stasis = UTI
  • Back pressure and ascending infection = renal damage (hydronephrosis)