Nutrition via gastrointestinal tract - enteral feeding
- Mouth
- NG
- Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) - tube from the surface of abdo to stomach
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is supplying full nutritional requirements using an IV infusion. Solution of carbs, fats, proteins and minerals. Very irritant to veins and can cause thrombophlebitis so normally given through a central line
1kg of muscle = 200g of protein = 120g of glucose
Nitrogen loss ~ 60-70g/day but up to 300g
Phase 1 - shock
Phase 2 - hyper-catabolism, protein turnover
Phase 3 - anabolic phase - 3-8 days after uncomplicated surgery