A group of features that occur with nephritis:
- Haematuria
- Oliguria
- Proteinuria
- Fluid retention
Difference between nephritic and nephrotic syndrome
- haematuria in nephritic
- proteinuria in nephrotic
Causes/Factors
- Infections: Certain bacterial infections, such as streptococcal infections, can trigger immune responses that affect the glomeruli.
- Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like lupus and vasculitis can cause glomerular inflammation.
- Hereditary Factors: Some forms of nephritic syndrome have a genetic component.
Symptoms
- Hematuria: Blood in the urine, giving it a pink or brown color.
- Only mild proteinuria
- Oedema
- Hypertension
- Reduced urine output: renal failure
Diagnostic Tests
- Urinalysis: Detects blood, protein, and other abnormalities in the urine.
- Blood Tests: To assess kidney function, levels of waste products, and signs of inflammation.
- Kidney Biopsy: Removal and examination of a small kidney tissue sample to determine the cause and extent of glomerular inflammation.
Management
- Addressing Underlying Conditions
- Blood Pressure Control: Medications to manage Essential hypertension and protect the kidneys.
- Diuretics: To manage edema.
- Dietary Changes: Reducing salt and fluid intake.
- Immunosuppressive Medications: In cases of autoimmune-related nephritic syndrome.
Complications/red Flags
- Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease: Severe and prolonged inflammation can lead to kidney damage.
- Secondary Infections: Weakened immune system can lead to other infections.
- Hypertensive Crisis: Severe Essential hypertension requiring immediate medical attention.