Defined histologically as enlarged air spaces distal to terminal bronchi with destruction of alveoli Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture — creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones
- irreversible
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are two conditions that make up chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Causes/Factors
- Tobacco/marijuana smoke
- Air pollution
- Chemical fumes & dust
Symptoms
- Gradual onset dyspnea
- Productive cough
- Frequent chest infections
- Wheeze
Signs
- Tachypnoea
Diagnostic Tests
Management
Same as Management
- Stop smoking