• EDTA contamination of the tube
  • Vitamin D deficiency
  • Hypoparathyroidism
    • Primary
    • Hypomagnesaemia
    • Pseudo-
  • Hyperphosphataemia

Signs and symptoms

  • Convulsions
  • Reflexes hyperactive
  • Arrythmias - isolated QTc elongation
  • Muscle spasms
  • Positive signs - Chvostek/Trousseau
  • Sensation changes

Management

  • Mild-moderate: oral calcium supplementation
  • Severe: intravenous calcium gluconate, 10ml of 10% solution over 10 minutes. Find cause of hypo