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Obesity is a chronic condition characterized by the accumulation of excess body fat, leading to adverse health effects.
Causes/Factors
- Poor Diet: Consuming high-calorie, low-nutrient foods contributes to weight gain.
- Lack of Physical Activity: Sedentary lifestyles contribute to obesity.
- Genetic Factors: Genetics can influence an individual’s susceptibility to obesity.
- Environmental Factors: Socioeconomic and environmental factors can impact eating habits and activity levels.
Management
- Lifestyle Modifications: A healthy diet and regular physical activity are fundamental.
- Behavioural Therapy: Addressing psychological factors influencing eating habits.
- Medications: Some medications may be prescribed to aid weight loss.
- Bariatric Surgery: For severe obesity, surgical interventions like gastric bypass may be considered.
Complications of Obesity:
Cardiovascular Disease:
- Increased risk of Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke
- Elevated blood pressure and atherosclerosis.
- Strain on the cardiovascular system.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:
- Major risk factor for Insulin resistance and diabetes.
- Elevated blood sugar levels.
Joint Problems:
- Excess weight contributes to Osteoarthritis.
- Joint pain and decreased mobility.
Respiratory Issues:
- Increased risk of sleep apnea and asthma.
- Fat accumulation around the neck and throat narrows airways.
Liver Disease:
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is common.
- Fat accumulation leads to liver inflammation and potential Liver Cirrhosis.
Psychosocial Impact:
- Discrimination and social stigmatization.
- Lower self-esteem, Depression, and anxiety.
Reproductive Issues:
- Irregular menstrual cycles, fertility issues in women.
- Increased risk of complications during Pregnancy.
Certain Cancers:
- Increased risk of breast, colon, endometrial, and kidney cancers.
- Linked to hormonal imbalances and chronic inflammation.
Reduced Quality of Life:
- Chronic health conditions impact overall well-being.
- Physical limitations and psychosocial consequences.